Liquid membranes incorporating thioctic acid as a carrier to mimic an active TRANSPORT system for alkaline earth METALs has been described. A TRANSPORT cell, operating on the same principle as the Schulman Bridge was used. It has been demonstrated that such a system is capable of TRANSPORTing alkaline earth METALs against a proton gradient, as driving force. The potential of thioctic acid to complex and TRANSPORT these METAL IONS particularly Mg2+, Ca2+, and Ba2+ was verified. Furthermore, this TRANSPORT phenomenon was extended to some different barium salts (Cl-, Br-, NO3-, and SCN-) to determine the effect of nature of anion on the TRANSPORT of the Ba2+ IONS. The order of the TRANSPORT rate was found to be Ba2+> Ca2+ > Mg2+ which is inconsistent with the stability of coordination to the carboxyl group. The rate of TRANSPORT of Ba2+ IONS were found to decrease with the anion type in the order SCN- > Br- > NO3- > Cl- which is related to the extent of hydration of the anIONS.

In this work, we study electronic TRANSPORT properties of a quasi-one dimensional pure semi-conducting Zigzag Carbon Nanotube (CNT) attached to semi-infinite clean METALlic Zigzag CNT leads, taking into account the influence of topological defect in junctIONS. This structure may behave like a field effect transistor. The calculatIONS are based on the tight-binding model and Green’s function method, in which the local density of states (LDOS) in the METALlic section to semi-conducting section, and muli-channel conductance of the system are calculated in the coherent and linear response regime, numerically. Also we have introduced a circuit model for the system and investigated its current. The theoretical results obtained, can be a base, for developments in designing nano-electronic devices.

TRANSPORT of Pb (II) ion from equimolar aqueous solutIONS of Pb (II), Cu (II) and Cd (II) as well as from aqueous solutIONS containing only Pb (II) source phase (CMETAL=1.0×10-4 mol L-1) through bulk liquid membranes containing crown ether and oleic acid as carrier has been investigated. The initial fluxes of TRANSPORTed METAL IONS depend on the hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) and molar volumes (Vx) of crown ethers. The initial fluxes of Pb (II), Cu (II), and Cd (II) decrease with increase of HLB value for azacrown ether, i.e., tetraaza-14-crown-4 (A414C4), L1>benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5), L2>4'-Aminobenzo-15C5, L3>nitrobenzo-15-crown-5 (NB15C5), L4. The selectivity of the METAL IONS showed the following separation factors (SF): SFPb–Cu=2.15, SFCu–Cd=2.10, SFPb–Cd=4.52. The highest TRANSPORT recovery for Pb (II) was observed for L1 (99.3%).

We study the TRANSPORT of electrons in a graphene NSN structure in which two normal regIONS are connected by a superconducting strip of thickness d. Within Dirac-Bogoliubov-de Gennes equatIONS we describe the transmission through the contact in terms of different scattering processes consisting of quasiparticle cotunneling, local and crossed Andreev reflectIONS. Compared to a fully normal structure we show that the angular dependence of the transmission probability is significantly modified by the presence of superconducting correlatIONS. This modifation can be explained in terms of the interplay between Andreev reflection and Klein tunneling of chiral quasiparticles. We further analyze the energy dependence of the resulting differential conductance of the structure. The subgap differential conductance shows features of Andreev reflection and cotunelling processes, which tends to the values of an NS structure for large ds. Above the gap, the differential conductance shows an oscillatory behavior with energy even at very large ds.

The solvent extraction of rare earth METAL IONS from nitrate solutIONS by 5 11, 17, 23-tetra-tert-butyl-25, 27-bis(diethylcarbamoylmethoxy)-26, 28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (L) in I,2-dichloroethane has been investigated The analysis of the extraction equilibrium obtained from a mixture of La3+, Eu3+ Er3+ and Y 3+ revealed that the extracted species have a 1:1 METAL/ligand ratio. The intra-group separation efficiencies of the ligand have been evaluated in a competitive extraction and TRANSPORT of II rare earth METAL IONS (La3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Yb3+ and Y3+. The TRANSPORT experiment has been performed through a supported liquid membrane containing the ligand in o-nitrophenyl hexyl ether (NPHE). The distribution ratio and the flux of the IONS generally increase as the atomic radii decrease.

A new synthetic membrane has been synthesized by direct radiation grafting of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate in a binary monomers mixture onto low density polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene films . The effect of grafting conditIONS, such as comonomer composition and concentration on the grafting process, was determined . The graft copolymers, thus obtained, have been chemically treated to improve their ion-exchange and hydrophilic properties. To explore the applicability of the prepared membranes, their sorption capacity and selectivity towards different METAL IONS such as Cu, Co, Fe, Pb, Sr, Cd and Li were investigated . The degree of grafting had a considerable influence on the METAL uptake of these membranes and it increased with graft yield. The prepared membranes have great affinity toward Fe 3+ If compared with other METAL IONS investigated . For a mixture of METAL IONS such as Cu 2+ , Sr2+ and Pb2+ these membranes show ability to chelate these IONS from their mixtures in the order of Cue* > Sr 2+ > Pb2+ . But for a mixture of Co2+ , Cd 2+ and Li+ the selectivity was in the order of Co2+ > Cd2+ >Li+.

Simultaneous measurement of effective thermal conductivity (le) and effective thermal diffusivity (ce) of three samples of polypyrrole doped with METALs Ni and Co in different percentage: polypyrrole doped with 100% Co (S1), polypyrrole doped with 50-50% Ni and Co (S2), and polypyrrole doped with 100% Ni (S3) have been made using transient plane source (TPS) technique. The amorphous nature of polypyrrole composites was confirmed by XRD studies. Characterization through SEM and EDX gives the information of surface morphology and elemental analysis of samples. From surface morphology it is found that surface is not smooth and contains macro-granular structure. EDX results confirm the presence of METAL present in the samples. Thermal TRANSPORT properties i.e., effective thermal conductivity (le) and effective thermal diffusivity (ce) were measured at normal pressure from room temperature to 170oC. From these investigatIONS, it has been found that both le and ce increase to maximum up to 110º and then a constant value is attained with further increase of temperature i.e., 170oC. The values of le and ce of sample S3 doped with 100% Ni is higher as compared to sample S1 (Co 100%) and sample S2 (Ni, Co 50-50%). This result has been explained on the basis of bonding of cobalt and nickel with polypyrrole matrix during the polymerization and higher values for S3 are attributed to the more METALlic nature of Ni.